About

Has England's autumn sowing window shifted in 140 years?

Mann-Kendall trend analysis of September-November temperature and
precipitation for England, 1885-2024. Autumn temperature has warmed
significantly (+0.14 C/decade, tau = 0.42, p = 1.8e-13) while autumn
rainfall shows no significant trend (tau = 0.067, p = 0.24).

Implication: any shift in optimal winter-cereal sowing date over the last
century is temperature-driven, not rainfall-driven.

Built in Python (pandas, scipy, matplotlib) with a GenAI block for
plain-language reporting. A slice of a larger NSGA-II sowing-date
optimisation study.